In the late Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan, Deaf Hongzhang, and Zuo Zongtang all established the Westernization Movement, opening factories, making firearms, and mining ships. Empress Dowager Cixi, as they were all Han Chinese and had other considerations in personnel arrangements, rewarded and transferred all three of them. Zeng Guofan was appointed as the Governor of Zhili, Li Hongzhang was appointed as the Grand Secretary for Cooperation, and Zuo Zongtang was appointed as the Governor General of Shaanxi and Gansu. Zhang Zhidong
In the late Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan, Deaf Hongzhang, and Zuo Zongtang all established the Westernization Movement, opening factories, making firearms, and mining ships. Empress Dowager Cixi, as they were all Han Chinese and had other considerations in personnel arrangements, rewarded and transferred all three of them. Zeng Guofan was appointed as the Governor of Zhili, Li Hongzhang was appointed as the Grand Secretary for Cooperation, and Zuo Zongtang was appointed as the Governor General of Shaanxi and Gansu. Zhang Zhidong