After 1949, although the Shaan Gan Ning region, especially the Gansu region, had been liberated, Zhang Shiguang, the leader of the remaining forces of the Kuomintang, insisted on "resisting the uprising and being loyal to the president". He gathered scattered soldiers, wanderers, and habitual bandits to collude with local bandits, forming a powerful bandit armed group that colluded with several groups of bandits already active in the surrounding areas
After 1949, although the Shaan Gan Ning region, especially the Gansu region, had been liberated, Zhang Shiguang, the leader of the remaining forces of the Kuomintang, insisted on "resisting the uprising and being loyal to the president". He gathered scattered soldiers, wanderers, and habitual bandits to collude with local bandits, forming a powerful bandit armed group that colluded with several groups of bandits already active in the surrounding areas